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| − | ''This is an article about the NationStates population version of the nation Yohannes roleplayed in NationStates. To see the capped (small population) version of Yohannes roleplayed in the region [[Maredoratica]], [[Yohannes (Maredoratica)|click here]]'' | + | ''This is an article about the capped (smaller real life) population version of the nation state Yohannes roleplayed in [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewforum.php?f=3 NationStates]. To see the NationStates (population) version of Yohannes, [[Yohannes (NationStates population)|click here]]'' |
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| | {{Infobox country | | {{Infobox country |
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| | |alt_coat = | | |alt_coat = |
| | |symbol_type = | | |symbol_type = |
| − | |national_motto = <br>"Tauhokohoko me te Whai Rawa"<br>"Economic Prosperity, Strong Nation" | + | |national_motto = <br>“Wohlstand und Stabilität”<br>“Prosperity and Stability” |
| − | |national_anthem = <br>[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/God_Defend_New_Zealand_instrumental.ogg Manaakitia mai Yohānnes]<br>(Praised be the Nineteen Countries) | + | |national_anthem = <br>[https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?p=34467689#p34467689 Das Lied des Yohannesischen Reiches]<br>(The Song of the Realm of Yohannes) |
| | |royal_anthem = | | |royal_anthem = |
| | |other_symbol_type = | | |other_symbol_type = |
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| | |image_map = Kingdom of Yohannes.png | | |image_map = Kingdom of Yohannes.png |
| | |alt_map = | | |alt_map = |
| − | |map_caption = Mainland Yohannes in [[Greater Dienstad]] | + | |map_caption = Countries of the Yohannesian Realms. |
| | |image_map2 = | | |image_map2 = |
| | |alt_map2 = | | |alt_map2 = |
| | |map_caption2 = | | |map_caption2 = |
| − | |capital = Te Whanganui-a-Tara | + | |capital = Royal Alexandria |
| | |latd= | latm= | latNS = <!--capital's latitude degree/min/dir--> | | |latd= | latm= | latNS = <!--capital's latitude degree/min/dir--> |
| | |longd= |longm= |longEW = <!--capital's longitude deg/min/dir--> | | |longd= |longm= |longEW = <!--capital's longitude deg/min/dir--> |
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| | |largest_settlement = <!--(if not a city)--> | | |largest_settlement = <!--(if not a city)--> |
| | |largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> | | |largest_settlement_type = <!--Type of settlement if largest settlement not a city--> |
| − | |official_languages = English, Sign Language, Yohānnesi | + | |official_languages = 40.7% Yohannesian German, 23.1% British English, 19.5% Alexandrian Swedish, 8.3% Bahasa Yohannesia, 7.9% Yohānnesi, 0.5% Sign Language |
| | |national_languages = | | |national_languages = |
| | |regional_languages = | | |regional_languages = |
| − | |languages_type = <!--Other type of languages --> | + | |languages_type = |
| | |languages = <!--Other languages list--> | | |languages = <!--Other languages list--> |
| − | |ethnic_groups = 50% Pākehā, 42% Yohānnesi, 8% others | + | |ethnic_groups = |
| | |ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic data (if provided)--> | | |ethnic_groups_year = <!--Year of ethnic data (if provided)--> |
| | |demonym = Yohannesian | | |demonym = Yohannesian |
| − | |government_type = Constitutional monarchy | + | |government_type = Elective monarchy |
| − | |leader_title1 = Kīngitanga | + | |leader_title1 = Emperor |
| | |leader_name1 = Garnet til Alexandros | | |leader_name1 = Garnet til Alexandros |
| − | |leader_title2 = Pirimia | + | |leader_title2 = Chancellor |
| − | |leader_name2 = John Door-Clark | + | |leader_name2 = Annabelle Thorndon-Stevensonn |
| | |leader_title6 = | | |leader_title6 = |
| | |leader_name6 = | | |leader_name6 = |
| | |sovereignty_type = Amalgamation | | |sovereignty_type = Amalgamation |
| | |sovereignty_note = | | |sovereignty_note = |
| − | |established_event1 = Wiremu restoration | + | |established_event1 = Foreign Mission Act 1786 |
| − | |established_date1 = 08 April 1608 | + | |established_date1 = 08 April 1786 |
| − | |established_event2 = Royal promulgation | + | |established_event2 = |
| − | |established_date2 = 14 July 2010 | + | |established_date2 = |
| | |established_event9 = | | |established_event9 = |
| | |established_date9 = | | |established_date9 = |
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| | |area_magnitude = | | |area_magnitude = |
| | |area = | | |area = |
| − | |area_km2 = 17,801,281 | + | |area_km2 = 7,592,010 |
| − | |area_sq_mi = 6,873,113 | + | |area_sq_mi = 2,931,290 |
| | |area_footnote = <!-- optional footnote for area --> | | |area_footnote = <!-- optional footnote for area --> |
| − | |percent_water = 14.1 | + | |percent_water = |
| | |area_label = Total | | |area_label = Total |
| | |area_label2 = | | |area_label2 = |
| | |area_dabodyalign = | | |area_dabodyalign = |
| − | |population_estimate = 3.841 billion | + | |population_estimate = 379,001,034 |
| | |population_estimate_rank = | | |population_estimate_rank = |
| | |population_estimate_year = 2013 | | |population_estimate_year = 2013 |
| | |population_census = | | |population_census = |
| | |population_census_year = | | |population_census_year = |
| − | |population_density_km2 = 273 | + | |population_density_km2 = |
| | |population_density_sq_mi = | | |population_density_sq_mi = |
| | |population_density_rank = | | |population_density_rank = |
| − | |GDP_PPP = $464 trillion | + | |GDP_PPP = $15.92 trillion |
| | |GDP_PPP_rank = | | |GDP_PPP_rank = |
| − | |GDP_PPP_year = 2016 | + | |GDP_PPP_year = 2018 |
| − | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $122,477 | + | |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $41,997 |
| | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | | |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |
| | |GDP_nominal = | | |GDP_nominal = |
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| | |footnote7 = | | |footnote7 = |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=379370 Yohannes] is a collection of nineteen countries, located in an archipelago of two main landmasses and 5,803 smaller islands east of the [https://www.nationstates.net/region=greater_dienstad Greater Dienstad] region. It is made up of three kingdoms, five grand duchies, eight duchies and three principalities. Its three kingdoms dominate its cultural, economic and political atmosphere; Alexandria, Burmecia and Lindblum, and account for around 53% of its total area. The countries are subordinated to a mixed member proportional unicameral national parliament known de-facto as His Majesty's House of Representative; with seats directly linked to the total population of their constituents. An executive body to govern the empire comes from the highest voted political party by the electorate once every 4 years. The government are led by the Premier, with the Emperor or Empress overseeing and signing the passing of every single law affecting the land. This executive body is responsible for important affairs of the empire, such as [http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=23&t=75199 foreign relations] and defence.
| + | Yohannes is an island nation comprising the continent of Yohannes and some overseas islands, with a total area of 7,592,010 km<sup>2</sup>, which is home to approximately 379 million Yohannesians. Its three largest countries — Alexandria, Burmecia, and Lindblum — are the geneses of its founding economic, political, and legal institutions: the Yohannesian model, parliament, and the Unity law. Yohannes is an elective monarchy. The head of state is the Yohannesian Emperor. The head of government is the Chancellor of the Confederation. The executive council creates laws; parliament tables laws; and the emperor approves laws. The respective government ministries can then execute these laws. This executive body is responsible for important affairs of the nation, such as foreign relations and defence. |
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| − | Yohannes is a member of the [https://www.nationstates.net/page=un World Assembly] through its [https://forum.nationstates.net/search.php?keywords=Yohannes&fid%5B0%5D=24 Security Council] and [https://forum.nationstates.net/search.php?keywords=Yohannes&fid%5B0%5D=9 General Assembly] Office. The empire is a subject of the World Assembly Security Council [https://www.nationstates.net/page=WA_past_resolutions/council=2/start=148 Resolution #149], passed in 2014 for its contribution and importance as a major economic and great power to international commerce and trade, in the process becoming the 39th nation to have been commended in the world. Its economy is home to one of the oldest GE&T index-listed [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?f=6&t=75306 financial institutions], and it was a notable [http://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?t=105528 arms exporter] before its self-imposed policy of neutrality and isolation from [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewforum.php?f=5 international diplomacy]. There are, however, still many improvements to be made: the omnipresent government influence on its citizens' ways of life, as well as the still lingering undue influence and sway of its somewhat [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?p=28605394#p28605394 unscrupulous arms manufacturing] and [https://forum.nationstates.net/viewtopic.php?p=24596267#p24596267 corrupt banking lobby factions] on domestic and international political decision making, being just two of the most visible failings of the nation in the eyes of outside observers and pundits. | + | Yohannes is a member of the World Assembly through its General Assembly Office. |
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| − | Its total area is 17,801,281 km<sup>2</sup>. There are around 3.8 billion people residing in mainland Yohannes, composed of 50% Pākehā (Yohannesians of non-English speaking European ancestry) and 42% Yohānnesi (the 'first people' of the land, of mixed [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese Javanese] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori Māori] ancestries). There are 8% of people referred to as 'others', that is - recent migrants or people of non Yohānnesi or non Pākehā origin. Around 2.7 billion Yohannesians reside in Crown overseas realms, and there are around 500 million diasporas residing in multiple trading partner-nations of Yohannes abroad.
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| | ==Etymology== | | ==Etymology== |
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| − | The name Yohānnes originated from the Papatuuanuku tribe's decision to establish an entrepôt of wealth beside the Weir river delta. Te Whanganui-a-Tara is roughly translated in English to 'City along [the] wide river' or 'the [great] harbour', a reflection of the respect Papatuuanuku tribe once had for the land. As a result of its rather lengthy name, most English speakers abroad commonly simplify the city - and its surrounding metropolitan area - as Wellington or Greater Wellington. The first administrators of the colonies registered the island as that of Yohānnes - meaning 'the land of Your Highness of Te Whanganui-a-Tara (Wellington).' | + | The earliest Yohannesian people descended from the migration of two sub tropical tribes of the East Pacific region (Urth) during the early twelfth century and the gradual arrival of non-English speaking settlers, starting from the early fifteenth century onwards. Their descendants are respectively known today as Yohānnesi (First people) and Pākehā (People of light complexion); together forming the foundation of the nation state’s early bicultural history. |
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| − | The name Yohānnes can also be traced back from the now-bygone Yohānnesi name Yomamaki, roughly translated to 'land of the eternal grey cloud'. The Yohānnesi were one of the two, and first of the 'original people' that settled in Yohannes during the early 13th century. They came from The East Pacific - a far-flung gargantuan region containing many nations and even more developing societies. According to the Encyclopedia Yohannesia, the first known use of "Yohannes" in connection to when the earliest Yohānnesi people landed on the north eastern part of Westland occurs in 1202, and its modern spelling was first used in 1439, with the arrival of the first Pākehā settlers - the last of the two "original people" - from not just both Taijitu and the 10,000 Islands regions, but also far-flung regions of the old world such as that of Nova and the Western Atlantic. | + | The earliest discovery of a historical account originating from Te Whanganui-a-Tara is also the oldest engraved record in Yohannesian history. It recognised, although somewhat vaguely, the original home of the three indigenous tribal ancestors of today’s ‘First People’. A well-known nineteenth century historian in the nineteen countries, Andrew Pipitea, translated the inscription, describing it “rather lacking”, and revealed that the three tribes migrated from a “semi-tropical, far-flung continent west of the nation.” Not surprisingly, Yohannesian tribal historians have for long debated “whether Pipitea’s claim [and the object] should be taken with a grain of salt.” |
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| − | The term Yohānnes was once synonymously used together to identify the nation as a sovereign entity. It has now been largely supplanted with the English translation of the word, "Yohannes", commonly used by foreign nations and people to identify the nation. Despite the effort of successive governments to 'combat the butchering of Yohānnesi names by the dominant English speakers of this world', and the 'English-ification of many Yohānnesi words by young Yohannesians', the trend has proven to be a development too strong to tackle. Yohannes is powerless in the face of a cultural tide and secondary language minority situation it can never counter or combat, resulting in the gradual disappearance of uniquely old Yohannesian tradition and knowledge among its young generations, who are more attracted to the dominant culture and popularity of the English speaking world.
| + | Nevertheless, it was widely recognised — following the discovery of other artefacts — that the three tribes were able to successfully adapt to the continent’s temperate climate. The relative geographical isolation of Yohannes ensured the insulated evolution of the three tribes over the next ten centuries; establishing in the process a moderately mature economic and social structure in the continent. Coastal and inland trading operations were conducted between the three tribes and their sub-tribal divisions, whilst ethos, governing method, and partially civilised tradition were spread throughout the Eastland landmass. The language of their descendants today is a fusion and mix of the Malay-Bahasa Indonesia and Māori languages. Over the next two hundred years this first group of native settlers gradually developed their own distinct tribal cultures within the broader Yohānnesi culture — until the arrival of the first Occidental colonials from the ‘civilised nation states’, and the subsequent cultural and institutional subjugation of the Yohānnesi by the Pākehā settlers. |
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| − | Some Yohannesian scholars have cited the above examples as a way to spotlight the way in which the mainstream and numerically dominant English-speaking nations of this world have degenerated the true origination as well as history of Yohannes and its people of assorted cultures. However, any accusations of 'English-speaking imperialism' was brushed aside by the simple fact that Yohannes has for the past two-hundred years evolved to become one of the few notable non-English speaking members of the international community.
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| | ==History== | | ==History== |
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| − | The earliest Yohannesian people descended from the migration of two sub tropical tribes of the East Pacific region since the early 12th centuries and the gradual arrival of English-speaking settlers, starting from the early 15th century onwards. Their descendants are known today respectively as Yohānnesi (English: 'First people') and Pākehā (English: 'People of light complexion'), and together have formed the unified foundation of Yohannes' largely bicultural history as a nation state.
| + | ===Early history=== |
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| − | ===Eastland settlements=== | + | |
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| − | The earliest discovery of a historical account originating from Te Whanganui-a-Tara is simultaneously the oldest engraved record in Yohannesian history. It recognised - albeit somewhat vaguely - the original home of the three indigenous tribal ancestors of today's 'First People'. Andrew Pipitea - the renowned Yohannesian historian of the 19th century, translated the inscription, describing of its rather 'lacking' content, and revealing that the three tribes had migrated from a 'semi-tropical, far-flung continent west of Yohannes and the region the nation is located in.' Not surprisingly, national historians of the tribes today have for long debated as to whether 'Pipitea's [and the object]'s claim should be taken with anything other than a grain of salt.'
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| − | Nevertheless, it was widely recognised - following the revelation of other artefacts - that the three tribes were able to successfully adapt to Yohannes' cool to warm temperate climate, upon their arrival to Eastland around the 5th century. Their geographical relative isolation for the next ten centuries ensured the insulated evolution of the three tribes: establishing in the process a moderately advanced social structure, society and economic activity throughout Yohannes. Coastal and inland trading operations were conducted between the three tribes - and their sub-tribal divisions - while ethos, governing method and relatively civilised tradition as well as system of beliefs were spread throughout the Eastland landmass.
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| − | ===Westland settlements===
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| − | The two main landmasses and the islands of the Yohannesian archipelago are geographically isolated from the region of Greater Dienstad to its northwest. The first group of people to arrive and settle on the northeastern part of Westland more than 800 years ago were the Polynesian people originating from the East Pacific - a far-flung gargantuan region of many young nations and even more developing societies, and were recognised as the ancestors of today's Yohānnesi; the "first people" of Yohannes. The language of their descendants today is an in-between fusion and mix of the Bahasa and Māori languages. For the next two hundred years until the arrival of the first colonials - and the subsequent cultural and institutional subjugation of the Yohānnesi by the newly arriving Pākehā settlers as a result of their military organisation and technological inferiority - these first native settlers gradually developed their own distinct tribal cultures within the Yohānnesi cultural group.
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| − | Their constant infighting and tendency to follow the ritual known today as "Mameke Mati", roughly translated in English as "Kill the Neighbouring Tribe" further aggravated their problems as well as inability to counter the Pākehā presence that would soon face them. The conclusion of this early period of inter-tribal strife was a much weakened society lacking the unified resources, without the capacity to offer the faintest sign of armed resistance against even the first small number of badly organised but comparatively better armed and equipped small number of settlers.
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| − | ===Years of amalgamation===
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| − | The Canhi-Yohannesian Trading Company, established officially in 1440, was an economic and supranational association of nineteen Yohannesian communities; the forefather entities of the present nineteen Yohannesian countries. The nineteen communities, or more akin to those of colonies, were nominally subordinated to the then Kingdom of Canhadast. The three largest countries in present Yohannes; that of Alexandria, Burmecia and Lindblum, were the first three colonies established within the Yohannesian Island, dated at approximately 1442 to 1460. The three colonies were known famously for their competitive merchant guilds and associations. Both Alexandria and Lindblum dominated commerce and trade in Yohannes.
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| − | There were multiple factors behind the economic and trading success of the colonies, which by the late thirteenth century, has expanded in number to become the nineteen colonies. The single most important factor however, was the maritime protection provided by mainland for the colonies; thus guaranteeing its maritime jurisdiction, and ultimately political sovereignty, from that of its neighbours to the southeast.
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| − | The 1470s was marked as the influential peak period of the nineteen colonies, which has by then acquired a significant form of internal self-government right from mainland Canhadast, resulting in the right of its highest ranked citizens to acquire as well as exercise titular authority, and ultimately the eventual establishment of a somewhat primitive parliamentary system within each of the nineteen countries. A consensus and treaty ratification by the nineteen colonial governments furthermore established a unified economic administrative collaboration in Yohannes. At the present, its form would be categorically regarded as that of a partial customs union.
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| − | The golden period was however, short. By the late 1480s, various self-made crisis caused by administrative incompetence and corruption as well as natural plagues, compounded by fiscal excesses of the public and private sector of fifteen of the nineteen economies for the previous 40 years, would finally bring down Canhadasti rule throughout the archipelago. A crisis of succession right ensued in 1491, marked as the turning point of the supranational entity's period of prosperity. It started when the Kingdom of Alexandria, under the leadership of King Alfred IV, declared war upon the Regency of Lindblum. Alfred IV exploited his kingdom's revolutionary advance in early finance and banking to afford and maintain its constantly expanding Royal Navy, in relative to Lindblum's overall economic decline for the past twenty years.
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| − | The then Regent of Lindblum, Cid I, fought valiantly with that of his subject. However, Alexandria was the first Yohannesian country to establish an effective and functioning early form of finance and banking system. It was therefore, able to more effectively harness its economic capacity to reinforce its military prowess over that of Lindblum and all its neighbouring colonial countries combined. An arduous five years of strife ensued, in which Lindblum was joined by the Kingdom of Burmecia and the rest of the sixteen smaller Yohannesian countries. All was intimidated by the prospect of a complete Alexandrian hegemony.
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| − | Despite the support of its distant mainland Canhadasti ally in Greater Dienstad, however, the Treaty of Loriath in 1511 saw the eventual, de-facto strategic victory of Lindblum and her allies within Westwickport. The treaty imposed a numerical limitation upon Alexandria's army and maritime force, deprived her of the strategic capacity to wage similar wars of aggression, thereby restoring the balance of power in Yohannes.
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| − | ===Pre-industrial development===
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| − | The period of domestic prosperity following the Treaty of Loriath further amplified the incentives of not just the traditional upper class citizens of Yohannes, but also members of the working class to succeed, and perform productively, for higher profit and labour reward. As an example, from 1512 to 1522, a period of only ten years, public infrastructure throughout the nineteen countries expanded rapidly, allowing for a more solid foundation as an opening path leading to the process of industrialisation in Yohannes.
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| − | A generally secularist culture and moderate religious tradition of the elites furthermore ensure the fact that the potentiality of related strife - or complex persecution - found in multiple nations overseas were not present on the archipelago. Such developments would impede upon the dynamism of pre-industrial economic foundation in Yohannes; the effective accumulation and utilisation of human resource, and educational as well as the emerging cycles of scientific breakthrough. It was upon this period, between the years of 1520s to 1800s, that demographic urbanisation, the rapid increase of shipping and commodities trading between the nineteen countries, as well as the rise of highly-influential banking guilds and merchant associations paved the way for the very gradual process of industrialisation throughout the nineteen countries.
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| − | The equally slow trend of local and regional government centralisation throughout the nineteen countries also symbolised the end of Yohannes’ so-called “feudal age” period, and further heralded the beginning of an era known as the “Yohannesian Industrial & Scientific Miracle.” The nineteen countries were not capable of resisting the diplomatic pressures inflicted by its numerically and technologically superior, neighbouring regional nations, or the higher productivity and more advanced manufacturing capacity of various foreign nations it daily imported the goods required to sufficiently feed and sustain the demand of its population from. As quoted by the Third Earl of Randee, "Naturally, now united at last with a semblance of one centralised authority to represent the empire, buying time and giving temporary diplomatic as well as trade concessions would be two of our most obvious priorities... that is, if our great empire was to stand a chance of modernising itself, with its de-facto and de-jure independence left unscathed, and somewhat intact."
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| − | Multiple treaties of unjust nature were imposed upon the nation of Yohannes; exemplified in particular to the extraterritoriality rights granted to various old world governments. Pre-industrial Yohannes, however, was not in a position, both economically and militarily, to counter these external pressures. Rigorous modernisation of its economy and strategic industries, therefore, was the primary objective of the government of this era. Heavy subsidies were in place throughout the continent, though the complex nature of free-trade imposition meant that the government was somewhat incapable of effectively exercising its sovereignty in commerce and trade related matters.
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| − | Nevertheless, it was evident that the opening of the archipelago to foreign trade had paved the way for the very gradual increase of production efficiency, whilst and with equal haste, the government utilised its financial resources to encourage the growth of local industries and industrial capacity. The Bank of Yohannes was established for this very reason. National industrial priority was achieved by three means; as mentioned previously the subsidy of strategic-related industries such as that of the still infant shipbuilding, mass-produced textile as well as light manufacturing, the importation of important foreign developments and their domestic application in Yohannes, and finally the delegates sent to various well-regarded nations overseas to examine every aspects of their modern economic system as well as socio-political and institutional framework.
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| − | During the late 1650s, agricultural innovation and the introduction of various new farming methods were the catalyst to this initial period of sustained economic growth. By the 1660s, the consolidation of various large farming estates ensured the fact that these farms would be run with more effective and inventive techniques, one of which was the mass introduction of the seed drill process. This innovation was a breakthrough in comparison to the previous method, that of manual labour seed scattering process, which was time consuming by comparison. As a result, agricultural production efficiency increased approximately tenfold overnight, thereby allowing for a greater labour productivity for much less a cost. Furthermore, the breakthrough released the use of much-needed labour towards the then still developing and vulnerable industries, such as that of textile and light manufacturing.
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| − | This amalgamated and highly-increased effectiveness of agricultural production was simultaneously one of the main elements behind the significant increase of population in Yohannes through this period. Based from all the above mentioned factors, by the 1660s, it was without a doubt that the successful implementation of this series of reforms on the archipelago had provided for the solid foundation the young empire needed: a springboard to join the rank of the world's industrialised nations.
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| − | ===Industrial revolution===
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| − | When the historically-well known and admired high attorney officer Sir Lucifer Tantalus Brownhead arrived at his home village sometime during the early 18th century, he was greeted with quite a shocking revelation. Just 50 years' past, his family's house was filled with low-quality, poorly hand-made decorations and home-brand essentials. One large cooking knife's handle was off, while the gentleman's parents slept on a shoddy-made bed. Upon his arrival, however, on that day the fifteenth of June, 1731, the house was filled with "properly crafted bed, six new identically-manufactured chairs and multiple set of cups, knifes, and plates identifying its source of manufacturing origin." Meanwhile, his parents were the owner of a new "steam workshops" which produced "incredible-looking smoking object" while his sister was the possessor of "five identical-looking garments beyond my wildest imagination."
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| − | Unknown to the man and most Yohannesians of his time, the advent of a new era has arrived; its foundation laid hundred of years' past in history. Clothes, furniture and coal-based metallurgic objects were just some of the earliest indication as to the level and advancement the nineteen countries' technological growth had achieved, and would proceed to continue up to the present year. Throughout the Agricultural revolution's era, the foundation which most Yohannesian textile manufacturers needed to advance towards the next stage of industrial growth had been established.
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| − | The converging nature of domestic textile spinning and manufacturing inventions for that time ensure the eventual increase of efficiency of the continent's textile industry within a period of 20 years. With a wage-rate equilibrium higher than most of the nation's regional neighbours, and a largely uninterrupted period of customs union advancement and trade efficiency unheard of the previous decades; the Yohannesian textile manufacturing industry was able to capitalise upon the above mentioned condition to the maximum; climaxed with the fateful introduction of the hydrological-powered cotton factories throughout the southern industrial region of Lindblum. It was not before long that steam industry was finally amalgamated for the national requirement of textile factories throughout the island nation.
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| − | Inevitably, the early metallurgy industry soon followed suit, inter-connected by the convergent nature of Yohannesian industrial innovation and cross-sectors' maximisation theory. Coals had largely replaced local woods as the source of energy by this period, allowing for further improvement of iron heating methods throughout specific industrial areas; thus enabling the eventual introduction of single puddling furnace technique toward the production of iron, and eventually that of cemented and crucible-refined steel.
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| − | By the 1790s, urban Yohannesians of the previous generation would have been unable to detect this new version of their pre-industrial nation. Indeed, the "loud sound of train whistle reverberated all around the air", while the "puffing, dark smokes are everywhere rising up to the sky above." Paradoxically, however and in a sense, numerous traces of the old Yohannes were still present outside the immediate urban, industrialised area of the nation. Some farmers were still using pre-industrial era tools and technique, their habitual preference changed only during the late 19th century.
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| − | ===Wilhelm I period===
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| − | During the reign of Wilhelm I, monarchs of the nineteen countries introduced a modified version of the imported Maxtopian inspired universal education system for young people. Hundreds and thousands of technical school students were given subsidies to study in technologically more advanced nations abroad, while educators located from vastly larger regions such as the West Pacific, the South Pacific and the East Pacific were hired to teach the latest science, mathematics, technology and civilised ethos domestically. The Imperial government heavily subsidised the construction and expansion of railroads, increased the standard of roads, and enacted various land reform programmes at local and regional levels throughout the Yohannesian Empire; to prepare the young generation for further development. The Imperial government chronically struggled, however, with serious balance of payment and related financial issues as a result of its rigorous efforts to aid industrialisation in the archipelago.
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| − | As a way of accelerating industrialisation, the Imperial government further allocated its limited resources towards private businesses occupying positions of strategic importance; however, realising at the same time that the quest of economic growth must largely be entrusted for the private sector to achieve by itself. These limited subsidies included government assistance for the construction of frontier (pioneering or model) factories and shipyards that were then sold to financially able entrepreneurs. In hindsight, Bigtopian and Maxtopian observers today acknowledged the bad decisions the government made in selling predecessor of firms that are today known for their profitability inside Yohannes. Governments at local and regional levels were, however, constantly lacking much needed capital for much of the 19th century, and were left with little alternative or choice. The enactment of business friendly policies were further made during much of that time.
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| − | By the 1880s, Yohannesian manufacturing dominated the home markets and competed modestly with foreign businesses in products such as machine tools, early electric gears and shipbuilding materials in a few nations outside the nineteen countries as well. Small to medium Yohannesian shipping firms were competing with foreign traders to carry these goods across the region of Atlas and even to the old world regions further afield. The technologically lacking nineteen countries were still trying to come to terms with their newly found industrialising situations. It was during this period as well that the reliance on building societies and merchants were originally made to largely assist the comparatively less advanced Yohannes in its modest quest of economic growth.
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| − | By 1900, Yohannesian cast and forged steels, chemicals, machinery, medical equipments, steel plates, super alloys as well as metallurgy, and pressurised vessels were exported to a small number of nations overseas. The Yohannesian Empire was still an economically lacking, militarily insignificant, diplomatically isolated nation; an empire weak in nature. But its success to maintain a continuing cycle of modest growth had offered its people with the hope that, perhaps, one day, they would be seen as nothing less than an equal and acceptably civilised nation by the rest of the world.
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| − | [OOC: under construction]
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| − | ==Culture and Demographics==
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| − | The easiest answer to the question 'what is the characteristic of a Yohannesian shared identity and culture?' would be the word bicultural. The culture of Yohannes is a by product of almost four centuries' worth of intermingling of cultures similar in characteristic and nature to those of Celtic, German and Scandinavian cultures of the world, as well as the culture of the archipelago's 'first people' - or first settlers and inhabitants - the Yohānnesi people.
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| − | Yohānnesi culture is nearly identical to the two original cultures it evolved from, that of a mixture between the Javanese and Māori cultures. However, as the ancestors of present Yohānnesi people settled the many islands of the archipelago historically, they gradually replaced the very fabric as well as the specified traits of their original Javanese and Māori cultures, replacing these with a uniquely mixed Yohānnesi identity as a fusion of both cultures in the process.
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| − | The gradual cultural evolution of the Yohānnesi people occurred for nearly five centuries, until the arrival of the first wave of Pākehās settlers from the many continents of The East Pacific region, and other predominantly non English-speaking western cultures of nearby regions, peaking from the 16th century onwards, and slowly declining only by the early 19th century, when the then Yohannesian Empire during the Wilhelmine Restoration period assumed its position as a semi-civilised, industrialising country with a fairly respected governing
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| − | ===Media & fashion===
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| − | The filmmaking industry of Yohannes has always been known for its stark landscaping and slow pacing style in general. Throughout the late 19th century and early 20th century, the nationally famous playwright Pākehā Kristen Vinter has dominated much of the early history of filmmaking in Yohannes. Modern clothing in Yohannes is not very internationally influenced and somewhat insular and rural in style; considered by many foreign observers as 'boring', lacking in diversity. However, traditional costumes are occasionally worn during periods such as midsummer and early spring.
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| − | ===Arts===
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| − | There are five major painting styles in Yohannes attributed historically; the earliest of which was the Christian-influenced Gothic painting style, and the most popular that of the early 19th century's widespread invention of Romanticist style, followed closely in no more than 50 years' time with the equally fascinating Impressionism painting style. The latest style noted as so far was that of the internationally-influenced Pop art style during the late 1970s. With the exception of the latter, the former three were simply imported styles brought by Yohannesian Pākehā.
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| − | [*]Gothic: Flourished between the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the Gothic painting style was the earliest recorded painting trend and style in Yohannes. Its development and widespread popularity was attributed to the then strong Christian belief of the Yohannesian people - both Pākehā and Yohānnesi alike. In Yohannesian Gothic style, paintings usually show notable figures of great wealth or political as well as religious influence in flowering drapery.
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| − | [*]Renaissance: A painting style adopted throughout the four countries during the late 17th centuries. It is a variation of Latin-derived painting styles, marked by the local touch of Yohannesian painters.
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| − | [*]Romanticism: Sensational and romantic style of painting, the Romanticist movement began during the early 19th century, sparked by the high period of industrialisation nationally as well as cultural enlightenment throughout the nineteen countries.
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| − | [*]Impressionism: A modified style of the romanticist painting style; Yohannesian impressionist painters focused mainly upon the effects produced by the use of light and pure colours.
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| − | ===Sports===
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| − | Fencing is Yohannes' most publicised national sport. All spectrum of Yohannesian male society; be they of different racial demographic and social class within the nation, associated themselves with fencing. Its prehistoric origin was that of club, spear, and axe. The pre-Iron Age saw the introduction of sword and shield in Yohannes; bladed weapons and proper sword in the later stage. His Majesty Wilhelm II and the Crown monopolised the operational existence and administrative establishment of Yohannes' fencing schools throughout the late 1970s.
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| − | The Yohannesian School of Fencing Association (YSFA) heavily emphasised upon the practice of a post and fencing thrust over the cut style, which allow the target to raise its arms; thereby exposing his or her side vulnerable to a thrust. The existence of four judges are used to determine whether a touch has been made; with two side judges standing behind and beside each fencer, watching for hits made by that fencer. A director observed the match from not too far a distance. The director is tasked with the match halting motion to describe any corresponding actions. The result is then polled for the judges. The director may overrule the judges' differing opinions, although his power is limited by the fact that he or she hold only one and a half vote, whilst the judges each hold one vote. This allows the combined judges' ruling to overrule the director in turn.
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| − | Other very popular sports practised widely throughout Yohannes - ranked from their order of importance - are rugby [union], association football and netball, although Yohannesians - both Yohānnesi and Pākehās - are not very accomplished at the highly competitive international professional level, and historically have disappointing records in all of the these three sports. The Yohannesian rugby team are commonly known by its nickname: No Blue.
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| − | ===Cuisine===
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| − | Food and cuisines in Yohannes have traditionally always been practical and sustaining. A typical old-fashioned Yohannesian meal consists of fish and chips accompanied with gravy and vegetables. Historically fish has always been important and notable in Yohannesian diet. The common Yohannesians are well known as heavy coffee and tea drinkers. Beer, cider, non processed juice, cold full cream milk or water are the standard accompaniment to meal. As a historical dairy producing nation, organic milk is very popular in Yohannes. The consumption of alcohol nationally are notably less than other foreign countries, speculated as a direct result of the state monopoly on alcoholic beverages with the exception at bars and restaurants.
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| − | There are nine major categories of Yohannesian cuisines; that of bread/pastry products, dairy products, fish, fruits/vegetables and meat.
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| − | [*]Dairy products: Yohannesian cheeses, milks and other dairy products are abundant throughout the nineteen countries, with dairy farming being one of the four tribes' major agricultural specialties. However, 2011 domestic dairy consumption indicated the importation of overseas dairy products, reflecting the inability of the empire to sufficiently cater to its domestic population solely with its own domestic dairy products.
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| − | [*]Fish: The majority of fish dishes throughout the nineteen countries are Yohannesian archipelago fishes caught, all single year round, from the vast waters separating the Yohannesian archipelago and the proper region of Greater Dienstad. Most of these fishes are generally that of halibut, herring, salmon, shrimp and tuna.
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| − | [*]Meat: the majority of Yohannesian meat originate from domesticated sheep, which are - together with the kiwi bird - the national animals representing Yohannes, and one which the original first tribes are known for historically.
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| − | ===Decentralisation===
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| − | As a result of poor intercommunication early in their histories, each of the nineteen settled societies of Yohannes has their own distinct regional flavours. Although these regional cultural intricacies lost their administrative and political influence ever since the Wilhelmine Restoration era, these cultural differences of the population in Yohannes, which identifies with them up to this day, cannot be understated. Each tribe has its own specific historical and judicial culture with its own distinct nature. On 17 January 2011 for example, two of the countries substituted some laws of the higher imperial government with their own laws, symbolising the almost complete autonomy of the nineteen countries to separately conduct their internal affairs, free from the possibility of restriction imposed by that of the Imperial Assembly.
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| − | ===Demographics===
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| − | The Yohannesian archipelago has an estimated 3.8 billion inhabitants as of the latest census, which occurs throughout the nineteen countries once every five years. As of June 2014, its population density stands at roughly 214 people per square kilometre. The responsible agency tasked with the collection, and publication of statistics related to the empire - its economy, population and society - is the Department of Statistical Compilation, or popularly abbreviated domestically as the 'ASC.'
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| − | In simple terms, the population of Yohannes are divided under three categories, shortly summarised below:
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| − | [*]The Yohānnesi people: descendants of the first people to arrive in the archipelago. Characterised in appearance by their exceptionally tall height, medium brown to very light brown skin complexion and black or brown hair and eyes. Their culture evolved from that of the Māori culture, as explained previously under the 'culture' section. Predominantly occupying the public sectors. (many Yohānnesi judges, lawyers, doctors, council officials, etc.)
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| − | [*]The Pākehā people: descendants of 16th to 19th century settlers and immigrants of nations with western cultures. A minority are descended from both English speaking nations - such as people from overseas cultures similar to the American and English cultures - or nations of eastern cultures, though very few in comparison to their western, non English-speaking counterparts (the majority of Pākehā people's ancestors were people of non English speaking cultures, resembling people of French, Scandinavian or German cultures). Pākehā Yohannesians are predominantly occupying the private and business sectors. (many Pākehā CEOs, accountants, entrepreneurs, pharmaceutical scientists, etc.)
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| − | [*]Others: These are people who do not have Yohannesian citizenship or permanent residency status. They are the business or lifestyle expatriates, imported labour workers from abroad, temporarily-hired public or private sector officials, etc.
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| − | The current percentage of the above groups as of the 2012 census are: 42% Yohānnesi, 50% Pākehā and 8% others.
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| − | ===Languages===
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| − | The four official languages of the nineteen countries are, from most commonly used and its order of importance in practical terms: Yohannesian, English, Yohānnesi, and the Sign Language. On March 1968, the then assembled Imperial Assembly proclaimed, and enacted the first of many laws of ethnic and minority rights in Yohannes, concluded with the passing of the Law on Nationalities Act (Act Number: XIV, further amended in 1988) by the government. It was quite the liberal piece of legislation for the time, and offered extensive linguistic and cultural rights.
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| − | Article 14 of the Amended Law on Nationalities Act, valid only for the archipelago of Yohannes, dictates:
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| − | All races of the nineteen countries have equal rights, and every race has an inviolable right to the preservation and use of its own nationality and language. The equality of all customary languages in school, office and public life, is recognised by the constituent state. In those territories in which several races dwell, the public and educational institutions are to be so arranged that, without applying compulsion to learn a second country language, each of the races receives the necessary means of education in its own language.
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| − | The implementation of this principle led to several national disputes since everything depended on the decision as to which language could be regarded as the designated official customary language. Yohānnesi - the traditional bureaucratic and cultural elite - demanded the recognition of their language as a customary language in every part of the nation, in not just the Yohannesian archipelago but also its territories and trading posts abroad. In practice, however, Yohannesian is the everyday language of the business communities. It is also the most commonly used language by Yohannes's large expatriate communities, who are mostly of Pākehā origin.
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| − | ===Education===
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| − | The imperial government emphasised the importance of education, and thus it is compulsory in each of the nineteen countries, with the exception of imperial territories and trading posts abroad. The limit of such regulation is at 19 years old. Students can freely attend alternative private institutions beside that of the existing public schools, with approximately 13 per cent of young students in 2012 counted as pupils of private academic institutions. About 75 per cent of young Yohannesians undertake further tertiary education and qualification assessments in addition to this, and education is government-funded until the end of Secondary Year 13 (third form). | + | The constant infighting and the tendency of the old tribes to follow what is known today as the tradition of Mereke Mati Lah (“Kill the Neighbouring Tribe”) further aggravated their problems and contributed to their inability to counter the Pākehā force that would soon engulf them. The result from this period was a much weakened society lacking unified resources; without the capacity to effectively maintain a centralised armed resistance against even the first wave of badly organised but comparatively better equipped settlers. As more and more settlers from the civilised nation states arrived, the Yohānnesi were gradually subsumed until they became anything but strangers in their own land; their culture appropriated and their tribal leaders bribed to ‘urge their countrymen to assimilate’. The Canhi-Yohannesian Trading Company — officially founded in 1410 as an economic and supranational association of nineteen Yohannesian communities — was thus born; the forefather entity of the present nineteen Yohannesian countries. |
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| − | Education in Yohannes is mostly organised in a devolved and decentralised manner, with each of the nineteen countries having their own brand and set of education system as well as tradition. Education is solely the responsibility of each country's respective education ministry or similar type of ministerial agency subordinated to the Imperial Assembly. Primary to secondary education are free-of-charge for the majority of Yohannesian students. In 2011, it was recorded that state-integrated private education institutions received over 35 per cent governmental subsidy.
| + | The nineteen communities, similar to colonies, were nominally subordinated to the then Kingdom of Canhadast from Yanitaria. The three largest countries in present Yohannes — the Kingdom of Alexandria, the Regency of Lindblum, and the Kingdom of Burmecia — were the first three colonies established in the continent, and they were known for their competitive merchant guilds and associations. Both Alexandria and Lindblum dominated commercial and trading activities in Yohannes, and on the back of this early economic success and the maritime protection provided by the Kingdom of Canhadast, the association slowly expanded to become nineteen in number. |
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| − | Entry into any ministerial registered and qualified tertiary education institutions such as universities and polytechnics will require a tuition fee, ranging from 1,500-6,500 Quertz russling. It depends heavily from the individual subjects and field of higher learning. The University of Yohannes is the oldest university of the archipelago, established in 1631. The second, that of the University of Treno, was established in 1638. As of today, there are 54 universities in Yohannes, with countless other colleges of education, polytechnics and specialised institutions of higher learning. The universities of Yohannes offer a range of diversified and internationally recognised qualifications, with many programmes taught in English, Yohannesian and Yohānnesi.
| + | The early fifteenth century was good to the association, which had acquired a significant right to self-government from mainland Canhadast: allowing their highest ranked citizens to exercise titular authority and allowing for the foundation of a primitive form of parliamentary system and local customary laws. A consensus leading to the ratification of a treaty — the primitive version of a partial customs union — by the association further strengthened economic administrative collaboration in the continent. |
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| − | Over 99 per cent of those of age 15 and above are estimated to be able to properly read and write.
| + | This golden period was, however, short. By the late 1480s, many self-made crises caused by administrative incompetence and corruption, compounded by fiscal excesses of the public and private sector in fifteen of the nineteen economies in the previous forty years, would finally bring down Canhadasti rule in Yohannes. A crisis of succession right broke in 1491, a year marked by Yohannesian historians as the end of the association’s period of prosperity. It started when the Kingdom of Alexandria, under the leadership of King Alfred the Fourth, declared war on the Regency of Lindblum. Alfred the Fourth exploited his kingdom’s revolutionary advance in early finance and banking to afford and maintain its constantly expanding Royal Navy, whilst Lindblum languished in serious economic decline for much of the 1490s. |
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| − | ===Religion===
| + | The then Regent of Lindblum, Cid the First, fought valiantly to defy the forces of tyranny. However, Alexandria was the first association to establish an effective early form of a centralised financial and banking system. It was therefore able to more effectively harness its economic capacity to reinforce its military prowess over that of Lindblum and all its neighbouring countries combined. An arduous five years of strife ensued, where Lindblum was then joined by the Kingdom of Burmecia and the rest of the sixteen smaller countries: all intimidated by the prospect of a complete Alexandrian hegemony. |
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| − | The dominant religions of Yohannes are the various sects of Christianity, led by the Roman Catholic Church. The empire, however, is officially a secular nation. Since the late second half of the 20th century, the number of adherents and churchgoers has started to decline. Data for the end of 2004 from the ASC lists approximately 18 per cent of the total population attended church, with a Sunday church attendance of approximately 2 per cent of the total population. Data for the end of 2008 published by the various Christian churches shows a further reduction to 17.1 per cent of the total population, and a Sunday church attendance of 1.8 per cent of the total population. As of January 2010 the percentage of Catholics, protestants and reformists declined to 16.3 per cent.
| + | Despite the support of its distant mainland Canhadasti ally, however, the Treaty of Loriath in 1511 eventually saw the strategic victory of Lindblum and her allies in the continent. The treaty imposed numerical limitation upon Alexandria’s land and maritime forces to deprive her of the capacity to wage similar wars of aggression in future, thereby restoring the balance of power in Yohannes. |
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| | ==Citations== | | ==Citations== |
Yohannes is an island nation comprising the continent of Yohannes and some overseas islands, with a total area of 7,592,010 km2, which is home to approximately 379 million Yohannesians. Its three largest countries — Alexandria, Burmecia, and Lindblum — are the geneses of its founding economic, political, and legal institutions: the Yohannesian model, parliament, and the Unity law. Yohannes is an elective monarchy. The head of state is the Yohannesian Emperor. The head of government is the Chancellor of the Confederation. The executive council creates laws; parliament tables laws; and the emperor approves laws. The respective government ministries can then execute these laws. This executive body is responsible for important affairs of the nation, such as foreign relations and defence.
Yohannes is a member of the World Assembly through its General Assembly Office.
The earliest Yohannesian people descended from the migration of two sub tropical tribes of the East Pacific region (Urth) during the early twelfth century and the gradual arrival of non-English speaking settlers, starting from the early fifteenth century onwards. Their descendants are respectively known today as Yohānnesi (First people) and Pākehā (People of light complexion); together forming the foundation of the nation state’s early bicultural history.
The earliest discovery of a historical account originating from Te Whanganui-a-Tara is also the oldest engraved record in Yohannesian history. It recognised, although somewhat vaguely, the original home of the three indigenous tribal ancestors of today’s ‘First People’. A well-known nineteenth century historian in the nineteen countries, Andrew Pipitea, translated the inscription, describing it “rather lacking”, and revealed that the three tribes migrated from a “semi-tropical, far-flung continent west of the nation.” Not surprisingly, Yohannesian tribal historians have for long debated “whether Pipitea’s claim [and the object] should be taken with a grain of salt.”
Nevertheless, it was widely recognised — following the discovery of other artefacts — that the three tribes were able to successfully adapt to the continent’s temperate climate. The relative geographical isolation of Yohannes ensured the insulated evolution of the three tribes over the next ten centuries; establishing in the process a moderately mature economic and social structure in the continent. Coastal and inland trading operations were conducted between the three tribes and their sub-tribal divisions, whilst ethos, governing method, and partially civilised tradition were spread throughout the Eastland landmass. The language of their descendants today is a fusion and mix of the Malay-Bahasa Indonesia and Māori languages. Over the next two hundred years this first group of native settlers gradually developed their own distinct tribal cultures within the broader Yohānnesi culture — until the arrival of the first Occidental colonials from the ‘civilised nation states’, and the subsequent cultural and institutional subjugation of the Yohānnesi by the Pākehā settlers.
The constant infighting and the tendency of the old tribes to follow what is known today as the tradition of Mereke Mati Lah (“Kill the Neighbouring Tribe”) further aggravated their problems and contributed to their inability to counter the Pākehā force that would soon engulf them. The result from this period was a much weakened society lacking unified resources; without the capacity to effectively maintain a centralised armed resistance against even the first wave of badly organised but comparatively better equipped settlers. As more and more settlers from the civilised nation states arrived, the Yohānnesi were gradually subsumed until they became anything but strangers in their own land; their culture appropriated and their tribal leaders bribed to ‘urge their countrymen to assimilate’. The Canhi-Yohannesian Trading Company — officially founded in 1410 as an economic and supranational association of nineteen Yohannesian communities — was thus born; the forefather entity of the present nineteen Yohannesian countries.
The nineteen communities, similar to colonies, were nominally subordinated to the then Kingdom of Canhadast from Yanitaria. The three largest countries in present Yohannes — the Kingdom of Alexandria, the Regency of Lindblum, and the Kingdom of Burmecia — were the first three colonies established in the continent, and they were known for their competitive merchant guilds and associations. Both Alexandria and Lindblum dominated commercial and trading activities in Yohannes, and on the back of this early economic success and the maritime protection provided by the Kingdom of Canhadast, the association slowly expanded to become nineteen in number.
The early fifteenth century was good to the association, which had acquired a significant right to self-government from mainland Canhadast: allowing their highest ranked citizens to exercise titular authority and allowing for the foundation of a primitive form of parliamentary system and local customary laws. A consensus leading to the ratification of a treaty — the primitive version of a partial customs union — by the association further strengthened economic administrative collaboration in the continent.
This golden period was, however, short. By the late 1480s, many self-made crises caused by administrative incompetence and corruption, compounded by fiscal excesses of the public and private sector in fifteen of the nineteen economies in the previous forty years, would finally bring down Canhadasti rule in Yohannes. A crisis of succession right broke in 1491, a year marked by Yohannesian historians as the end of the association’s period of prosperity. It started when the Kingdom of Alexandria, under the leadership of King Alfred the Fourth, declared war on the Regency of Lindblum. Alfred the Fourth exploited his kingdom’s revolutionary advance in early finance and banking to afford and maintain its constantly expanding Royal Navy, whilst Lindblum languished in serious economic decline for much of the 1490s.
The then Regent of Lindblum, Cid the First, fought valiantly to defy the forces of tyranny. However, Alexandria was the first association to establish an effective early form of a centralised financial and banking system. It was therefore able to more effectively harness its economic capacity to reinforce its military prowess over that of Lindblum and all its neighbouring countries combined. An arduous five years of strife ensued, where Lindblum was then joined by the Kingdom of Burmecia and the rest of the sixteen smaller countries: all intimidated by the prospect of a complete Alexandrian hegemony.
Despite the support of its distant mainland Canhadasti ally, however, the Treaty of Loriath in 1511 eventually saw the strategic victory of Lindblum and her allies in the continent. The treaty imposed numerical limitation upon Alexandria’s land and maritime forces to deprive her of the capacity to wage similar wars of aggression in future, thereby restoring the balance of power in Yohannes.
